Make sure all lights are clean, working and adjusted properly

Ensure the windscreen is clean inside and out

Use headlights whenever visibility is reduced – for example, at early mornings and at dusk, when it's raining or in any gloomy conditions. It'll help others to see you

Don't dazzle others with your main beam

Reduce your speed. You should be able to stop within the distance you can see

Check the condition of wipers and washers

Have your brakes and tyres looked at – on wet roads it’s even more vital that brakes are working efficiently and tyre treads are legal

If your vehicle breaks down, pull off the road as far as possible and switch on the hazard warning lights

Consider fitting winter tyres during cold weather

Take extra care to look out for cyclists as they turn at junctions

Bicycles should be equipped with good lights. It is an offence to cycle at night without a white front light, a red back light and a red reflector at the back

You should put the lights where they can be easily seen, not hidden behind saddles or framework

It is a good idea to carry spare batteries and bulbs with you in case they run out when cycling along

If you see other vehicles using their lights, use yours.

Take extra care to be seen – bright or fluorescent clothing shows up best in the daytime and reflective clothing is best at night.

Watch out for car drivers. Remember, there are fewer cyclists on the roads in winter, so drivers may be less aware

Traffic isn't the only hazard at night. Watch out for uneven surfaces and potholes, animals, pedestrians in dark clothing and other cyclists without lights. Look for them carefully and give them a wide berth when you see them

Make sure your reflectors are clean at all times

You can also make your bike more visible by adding spoke reflectors

Make sure you can be easily seen at all times, but especially at night, on dark days and in bad weather

Bright or fluorescent clothes show up best by day, especially in dull or misty weather

By night, reflective material is best and shows up in car headlights – fluorescent clothing doesn't work after dark

Reflective tape can be put on clothing, school bags and equipment

Cross the road at the safest place possible for example, zebra, pelican, puffin and patrolled crossings

Use the Green Cross Code: Stop, Look, Listen, Live

If you are out at night, choose routes that are well-lit by streetlights and cross at well-lit places

Wear high-visibility and reflective gear, especially helmets and jackets

Ensure your motorcycle has working front and rear lights

Use dipped headlights at all times to increase visibility

Avoid dark clothing that blends into the road environment

Ride carefully anticipate that other drivers may not see you

Check tyre pressure, tread depth, and brake function regularly

Be extra cautious at junctions and roundabouts, these are common collision points

Wear reflective clothing and accessories; tabards, leg bands, and helmet covers

Ride in single file on roads and keep to the left

Use appropriate lighting when riding near roads in low-light conditions

Avoid riding during peak traffic hours or in poor visibility when possible

Signal clearly to drivers when turning or crossing

Always remain calm and alert; horses can spook easily in noisy or dark environments

Consider using bridle-mounted lights or reflective reins for added visibility